Shed ki ventilation: garmi aur sardi ka farq

Garmi mein ventilation ka kaam hai murghi ko thanda karna — tez hawa se. Sardi mein kaam badal jata hai: hawa kam chalti hai, lekin band kabhi nahi hoti, kyunke namii, ammonia aur CO2 bahar nikalna zaroori hai. Yehi poora farq hai.

Dono mausam ke asli numbers neeche hain — temperature, hawa ki raftar, aur woh gas levels jin par nuqsan shuru hota hai.

Garmi aur sardi ki ventilation mein asal farq kya hai?

Garmi mein aap hawa raftar ke liye chalate hain. Sardi mein aap hawa tabdeeli ke liye chalate hain.

Yeh ek jumla poora nizaam samajha deta hai:

• Garmi (tunnel): tez hawa murghi ke jism par se guzarti hai aur usay thanda mehsoos karati hai. Thermometer wohi rehta hai; murghi ko kam lagta hai.
• Sardi (minimum ventilation): hawa dheere chalti hai, sirf itni ke litter ki namii, ammonia, CO2 aur gas brooder ka carbon monoxide bahar nikal jaye.

Ross Broiler Pocket Guide saaf likhta hai: bahar ka mausam kuch bhi ho, shed ko kuch na kuch ventilation hamesha deni hai.

Garmi mein shed ka temperature kya hona chahiye?

Poori par lagi murghi (1,530 g se ooper) ke liye 60% namii par target dry bulb temperature takreeban 20.7°C hai. Aviagen ke Ross 308 chart ki management guidance bhi yehi kehti hai ke din 21 ke baad 21°C se kam rakhna growth behtar kar sakta hai.

Temperature akela number nahi hai — namii ke saath badalta hai. Ross Broiler Pocket Guide 2025 ka table:

Dekhein ke namii barhne par target temperature girta hai. Humid din par wohi 26°C us se ziada bhaari lagta hai jitna khushk din par lagta hai — is liye sirf thermometer par faisla na karein.

Source: Ross Broiler Pocket Guide 2025, Aviagen.

Wind chill kya hai aur kitna thanda karti hai?

Wind chill ka matlab hai: murghi ko temperature kitna mehsoos hota hai, jab hawa uske jism par se guzarti hai. Aviagen ke mutabiq tez hawa poori par lagi murghi ke liye effective temperature 10–12°F (takreeban 5.5–6.5°C) tak gira deti hai.

Aviagen ki apni misaal: bahar 95°F (35°C) hai. Evaporative cooling se 12°F kam hua to shed mein aane wali hawa 83°F (28°C) hai. Us par 400 ft/min hawa ka wind chill 10°F aur — murghi ko lagta hai 73°F (23°C), jo par lagi murghi ke liye takreeban theek hai.

Tunnel ke liye Ross Pocket Guide design air speed 2.03 m/sec (400 ft/min) deta hai.

Lekin ek shart hai. Chhoti, adhoori par wali murghi wohi hawa ziada mehsoos karti hai aur thand kha jati hai. Is liye tunnel poori raftar par chhote birds par nahi chalaya jata — pehle kam fans, phir barhate jayein, aur faisla birds ke behaviour se karein.

Source: Environmental Management in the Broiler House, Aviagen (2009).

Curtain wale khule shed mein kya karein?

Zyadatar farms par tunnel nahi hota — curtain wala open-sided shed hota hai. Us par bhi wohi usool lagte hain, sirf auzaar alag hain. Ross Pocket Guide ke mutabiq khule shed ko 24 ghante musalsal dekhna parta hai, kyunke aap ke paas thermostat nahi, sirf curtain aur pankha hai.

Curtain chalane ka tareeqa:

• Curtain ooper se neeche kholein, aur hawa ka rukh, mausam aur birds ka behaviour dekh kar adjust karein.
• Chhote birds par ooper wala curtain 1 meter se ziada na kholein, phir behaviour ke hisaab se barhayein.
• Barish mein ooper wala curtain band kar dein — paani bhi rukega aur thand bhi kam lagegi.
• Din ke sab se garam waqt mein neeche wala curtain khol kar hawa ka guzar barhayein.

Garmi mein iske saath:

• Stocking density kam karein. Pocket Guide seedha kehta hai: agar mausam ki wajah se target temperature mil hi nahi sakta, to birds ki tadaad kam karein. Yeh sab se sasta aur sab se ziada nazar-andaz hone wala hal hai.
• Chhat ki insulation theek karein. Chhat par bahar se paani chirakna madad karta hai — lekin ehtiyat se, is se shed ke andar namii barh sakti hai.
• Circulation fans lagayein. Yeh garam dinon mein wind chill banate hain, aur sardi mein poore shed ka temperature barabar rakhte hain.

Chhote choozon par tez hawa kyun nahi chalani?

Brooding mein hawa ki raftar farsh par 0.15 m/sec se ziada nahi honi chahiye. Choozon ko draft nahi chahiye — unhein garmi aur saaf hawa chahiye, dono ek saath.

Brooding ke targets:

• Whole-house brooding: 30°C, spot brooding mein brooder ke kinare par 32°C
• Farsh ka temperature: 28–30°C, litter ka 28–32°C
• Namii: pehle 3 din 60–70%, uske baad 50–60%

Aur minimum ventilation din 1 se chalani hai — is liye nahi ke shed thanda karna hai, balke is liye ke namii aur gas nikalni hain.

Sardi mein ventilation band kar dein to kya hota hai?

Shed garam rehta hai aur hawa zehreeli ho jati hai. Ross Broiler Pocket Guide ke gas levels:

Ek baat yaad rakhne wali hai: ammonia naak ko 20 ppm par mehsoos hoti hai. Yani jis din aap ko shed mein daakhil hote hi boo aaye, limit us se pehle hi cross ho chuki hai. Boo ka na aana theek hone ki daleel hai; boo ka aana der ho jane ki.

Carbon monoxide sardi ka khaas khatra hai, kyunke gas brooder chal rahe hote hain aur log hawa band kar dete hain. Woh dikhayi bhi nahi deti aur boo bhi nahi deti.

Sardi mein minimum ventilation kitni honi chahiye?

Bahar ka temperature -1°C se 16°C ke darmiyan ho, to Ross Pocket Guide fi murghi yeh rate deta hai:

Amli tareeqa:

• Fans ko 5 minute ke cycle timer par chalayein (on + off milakar 5 minute).
• Air inlets kam az kam 3–5 cm khulay rakhein, warna hawa andar aa hi nahi paati.
• Hawa ko chhat ke saath andar bhejein, seedha birds par nahi.
• Namii 50–60% par rakhein. 29°C se ooper agar namii 70% se ziada ya 50% se kam ho jaye, to performance girti hai.

Rozana kya check karein?

Pocket Guide ka apna tareeqa sab se aasan hai: shed mein daakhil hone ke pehle 30–60 second mein khud se chaar sawal poochein.

1. Ghutan mehsoos ho rahi hai?
2. Hawa ki quality theek lag rahi hai?
3. Namii ziada hai ya kam?
4. Thanda ziada hai ya garam?

Aur sab se ahem: ventilation theek hai ya nahi, iska sab se behtar saboot birds ka behaviour hai. Birds deewaron ke saath lagi hain to draft hai. Ek jagah dher ban rahi hain to thand hai. Munh khol kar hanp rahi hain to garmi hai. Poore shed mein barabar phaili hui, khati peeti hain — to settings theek hain.

Ammonia aur namii ka asar seedha respiratory sehat par parta hai, aur uski pehli alamaat aksar dair se nazar aati hain. Rozana shed ki halat aur mortality likhte rahein — PoultryFast mein yeh rozana log flock ke saath judta rehta hai, aur is ka asar seedha aap ke FCR par nazar aata hai.